![]() There was an incident last year at one of the stations and service stopped at Mockingbird Station and we had to take the bus to downtown. DART trains run very frequently along Dublin Bay, serving Central Dublin and suburbs along the coast (up to every 10 minutes, Monday-Friday). You can view all the lines on our Dublin rail map. Expect some slow downs during bad weather and delays do occurring along the rail. There are three types of commuter rail services in Dublin available: DART trains. The train can and does smell it’s just a fact of the train. Keeping in mind you’d need to drive to the park and ride and walk to your office whereas you can drive directly to the office. Wanderu is a travel search platform that helps travelers find the best deals on bus and train tickets across North America and Europe. ![]() The Grammy Award-winning neo-soul singer has partnered with DART on a set of Badu-inspired buses and trains. You’re totally commute time may be more or less the same via car or train. Dallas Area Rapid Transit is rolling into the new year with Dallas icon Erykah Badu. The off times can get a little sketchy with homeless and mentally unstable people. Don’t be surprised if need to stand on the commute home. Monday 25 December 2023 (Christmas Day) No DART services available. Sunday 24 December 2023 (Christmas Eve) Regular DART schedule until approximately 21:00 on all routes. DART Rail offers service every 8-15 minutes during rush hours, every 20 minutes during midday and weekends and every 30 minutes late at night. Generally if you take the train during rush hour times you’ll mostly encounter commuters like yourself. Late night trains leaving Connolly at 00:30 and 01:30, making stops at all stations on the way to Greystones. DART buses and trains operate daily from approximately 5 a.m. I’ve been robbed on the train before (snatch and grab). 23, and will provide Saturday service on Friday, Nov. The Trinity Railway Express (TRE) will not operate on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. But like any generic safety advice, keep an eye on your things and your surroundings. Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) buses, light rail trains and Dallas streetcar services will operate on a weekend schedule on Thursday, Nov. The only stop is City Place/Uptown Station which is more or less along 75 so make sure you walk from the station to your office is something you want to do.Īs for the train itself, I’ve seen people do work on the train all the time.
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4/30/2024 0 Comments Enneagram type 2 sexuality![]() Twos have an unconscious ulterior motive in their acts of kindness, and often assume others are the same.Īn unhealthy Two may look like a person who is selfless in a superficial way. Givers are motivated by their desire to gain approval from other people, often through indirect methods. ![]() Their encouraging and supportive nature draws in people from all stages of their lives. Usually open and popular, Givers find themselves in a variety of groups and are liked by many. Twos are strategic in how they form relationships. Through thick and thin, they’re the ride-or-die companion and friend. They find great joy in being available and are seen as a source of encouragement or a shoulder to cry on. They have intuitive abilities to anticipate the emotional gaps of others and support them. Givers are highly empathetic and caring individuals who put others’ needs above their own. Women are more likely to be Type Twos, with the type making up 15% of women as compared to only 7% of men. In a Truity study of more than 54,000 respondents, Type Twos were found to make up approximately 11% of the population. ![]() Twos rarely say no when others ask them for help, and want to prove value to others by always being there for them.ĭeepest Fear: Twos fear being alone and unloved, and cope with this fear by taking care of others and making themselves central to other people's lives.Ĭore Motivation: Enneagram Twos want to feel loved and appreciated, which motivates them to express love toward others in their words and actions. They are eager to involve themselves in others' lives. They are helpful, nurturing and caring towards others. Twos are defined by their desire to belong and to be loved by others. 4/30/2024 0 Comments Goodnotes 6 prix![]() For this I hope you can improve the app’s battery consumption as there really should not be this much drainage from an app that is not being used actively. This is quite disappointing and inconveniencing. I checked the battery consumption in settings, because this has never happened for any other app before including games that would otherwise drain battery significantly while playing, and it had stated that GoodNotes had consumed 84% of my battery life. When I returned to my iPad which had been undisturbed and locked, I was shocked to discover that it felt hot, and the battery level was now at 4%, even though it was at 90% before I left it alone. I left my iPad idle for 6-7 hours, without killing the GoodNotes app running in the background. However, I write to express my concern about how the app has taken me by surprise today. I have been absolutely loving GoodNotes, truly the best note-taking app I have ever used. ■ Import documents by emailing them to your custom Goodnotes email.įor the price of one paper notebook, get unlimited digital notebooks that are backed up, synced across your devices, and searchable for an entire year. ■ Send a link to your notebooks to work on the same notes directly, perfect for asynchronous work or collaborative brainstorming. ■ Export your notes to email, print, or share them anywhere as PDFs. ■ Use Laser Pointer on your Mac to guide your audience’s attention during your presentation. ■ Present your notes, slides, and content directly from Goodnotes when you connect your device via AirPlay or HDMI to an external screen. ■ Add, create, or import your stickers, stamps, washi tapes, images, and more to reuse again and again.įor professionals: Increase productivity at work ■ Customize the size and color of your paper templates to create the template you want. ■ Use AI to summarize, shorten, change the tone of your words, and otherwise perfect your typed text.įor planners: Let your creativity flow and create notes you can’t stop looking at ■ Study and practice straight from your notes with Study Sets - flashcards built on active recall and spaced repetition. ■ Search and instantly find any of your notes from any of your classes. ■ Record audio notes that are magically synced to the moment you write, perfect for lectures or presentations. ■ Edit your writing by resizing it, changing the color of your text, or moving it to another spot on the page. ■ Backup all your notes to Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive and use iCloud to sync across iPad, iPhone, and Mac so your notes are always safe. PDF tables of contents are automatically imported otherwise create custom outlines yourself. ■ Create digital notebooks with customizable paper templates, including Blank Paper, Ruled Paper, Cornell Paper, Checklists, Planners, and more. ■ Combine both handwriting and typed text on one page, alongside images, stickers, diagrams and doodles. Unlimited notebooks for the price of one physical one. Either way, your notes are safe!*ĭigital notebooks. *Existing Goodnotes users can continue to use Goodnotes 5 indefinitely or upgrade to Goodnotes 6. Replace your paper notebooks and reimagine digital note-taking with Goodnotes. 4/30/2024 0 Comments Fallout 4 nexus mod manager crash‘ Obsolete’ status given to mods that have a clear replacement and have not been updated in over a year ‘ No longer maintained ’ status given to mods whos authors have not been online for over a year ‘ Author Working on Update! ’ Added to notes if the author themselves has confirmed there working on an update ‘ No Updates Currently!! ’ status given to mods not updated yet and seem to have frequent activity so an update is likely ‘ Incompatible ’ used when there are no replacement or alternative mods listed/known ‘ See below ' used when a replacement mod is listed below ’ See Alternative' used when there is a listed alternative mod ‘ Compatible ’ and a version number if relevant to indicate a mod is compatible with version This list is only relevant to Skyrim Special/Anniversary Edition. If you see out of date or missing information, please help out by editing this article. This page serves as a list of the known native code mods and the compatibility information for each. As a result of these dependencies, many of these mods are likely to require an update each time the game (or SKSE) is updated. ![]() These mods are often tightly tied to the game executable version, the Skyrim Script Extender version or both. Don’t miss this chance! If it sounds great, don’t wait a second anymore, this is a perfect chance to get the significant benefit against your competitors without spending much time or money.As well as conventional mods, it is possible for mod authors to create “native code” mods that hook into the core game processes and unlock additional functionality which is not normally available through the Creation Engine. If you're a driven player, aiming for success, you shouldn't miss out on exploring our files. This Fallout 4 A game start and sanctuary hills ctd fix Mod is crucial for staying ahead in the game. We take immense pride in providing unlimited access to a diverse selection of supplemental files, enriching your gameplay. Our goal is to ensure that users have access to only the finest and most beneficial files. Rest assured, every Fallout 4 mod in our collection meets the highest standards. Play smarter and get the best with A game start and sanctuary hills ctd fix Fallout 4 Mod – your competitors will be powerless. Seizing this opportunity can revolutionize your gameplay experience. With a myriad of Fallout 4 mods available, feel free to delve into them at your leisure there's no rush. This introduces new features and optimizes your in-game management. Simply pick your desired file and integrate it into your game – it's straightforward. Have you explored the world of Fallout 4 Mods? Many seasoned players globally are amazed by the range of options available. You have successfully joined our subscriber list. if the description solved your problem or helped you to prevent you from wasting time with other solutions feel free to endorse If you like to support me just download the small textfile including this description. if your ctd still remains after applying the fix it is obviously not (only) related to this bug. I found many internet thread describing the problem without the correct solution. i encountered the ctd always while trying to reach the pre war vault 111 even with vanilla settings.įeel free to add helpful information or additional hardware affected or if you know anything about an official bug fix. i was affected while upgrading my pc with a rtx 2080ti and encoutered fallout ctd even after a fresh install. as far as i could test it seems that most or even all nvidia rtx graphic cards are involved, probably some more. If you encounter ctd for no reason trying to enter the vault or after reinstallation of the game just open your game launcher again and deactivate “weapon debris” effect option in advanced settings tab. i encounterd this after the installation of a newer nvidia graphic card.īe aware: there is not even a simple warning in the launcher if you enable this feature with incompatible hardware resulting in ctd. ![]() Reason for the ctd – even with vanilla settings – is a hardware/programming problem related to the weapon debris setting. This mod exists just to help to solve a nasty ctd problem in sanctuary hills and elsewhere if your setting “weapon debris ” in the fo4 launcher is not set to “off” or unintentionally activated after a reinstallation of the game as in my case. ![]() Welcome to the Editors Choice awards for the 2022 Mod of the Year Awards, where we show recognition to the mods from the past year that weve found to. The video preferences are not there, so Steam doesn't check them or delete them upon an uninstall. Editors Choice - Mod of the Year 2022 Feature 12 comments. If uninstalling and reinstalling doesn't work, and you have the exact problem my brother had, here's my best guess When you validate files/reinstall, Steam only does those with the Supreme Commander 2 files in the Steam folder. I read online a lot that one should delete their Game.prefs file, but without one, my brother couldn't play the game, so beware of that. I gave him my Game.prefs file, and thus, all my video settings, and it worked fine. All credit for this tool goes to v1c7r1x. My brother flat out didn't have the file, and when he launched the game, it would start in a 4:3 1024x768 resolution, go through the companies, get to SUPREME COMMANDER 2, and then freeze at a black screen. The Revamp Expansion Mod can be set to 1000, 1500, 2000, 25 the default Supreme Commander 2 currently limits the values to 250, 500, 750 or 1000, See download archive for detailed documentation. If you just don't see a Game.prefs file, enable viewing hidden files (on Win 10 go up to "View" and then check the box on the right side). Supreme Commander 2 0 1 3 Mod Official Discord Channel. Then change the following numbers to your horizontal native monitor resolution, vertical native resolution, and monitor refresh rate. If you se a Game.prefs file, open it in note pad, and hit ctrl+f and search for (without the brackets, mind the apostrophe). Once you are done adding, check them off and click 'launch'. Then, launch the mod manager, click 'add', and select the. Unzip all the mod files if they need unzipping. Go to C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Gas Powered Games\Supreme Commander 2 (for Win 10, idk about win 7) Download the mods you want and the mod manager from Revamps website. For anyone having this problem, do this for me. ![]() 17:06:39 Cleaning attributes for mithy. I bring into your sights the ideal massive scale RTS that we all really wanted and why it wipes the floor with the vanilla SUP COM 2 EnjoyRevamp Expansion M. I originally wrote this it a thread with people who had a similar problem to my brother, where the game wold start in a wierd resolution, get to the SUPREME CPMMANDER 2 loading screen, and crash at a black screen. 17:06:39 Writing mod installation instructions to database. On 18 March 2009, Defence Secretary John Hutton announced the MoD had agreed to purchase three test F-35Bs, and on 22 December 2009 financial approval for the. (And maybe even get the developers to finally help with this aspect.My brother had similar problem, the safemode thing didn't work, and I was able to fix it. Right now there is only a small community, however a mod that could be a great improvement could revolutionize the game. If you need a place to start look at the links below. If you can help I think it is the feelings of the majority of those who play this game that you should help them. ![]() Many people are working on developing mods and maps to make Supreme Commander 2 a more diverse and interesting game. Revamp Map Pack (Contains most of the maps from the campaign) :).However, they do work for the most part, but some have problems with AI pathfinding. This is a due to the inability to added required AI markers since the files are compiled making them unreadable. Its still a solid game, but compared to the first title, its considerably cut-back and much simpler. Most player-made maps currently show up incorrectly in the preview box because they have to piggy back off an existing skirmish map's layout and ID to work. Its no secret that Supreme Commander 2 wasnt quite the sequel the dedicated fans of massive-scale RTS were looking for. The aim of the project is to rebalance the economy and. Many people have managed to port maps into skirmish from the campaign which would then be modded with mass points and spawn markers despite the fact that the game developer's have not released any sort of map editor or any other form of assistance. This is a collection of mods that has been updated and repacked to utilise the SC2MM mod manager client. If you do not, you might seriously impair the game by accident. It should be noted that when using mods one should ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS backup the original game files. Nonetheless, people have managed to find ways that successfully introduce new maps and units, many of which are from the previous Supreme Commander, into the game. Officially Supreme Commander 2 was declared early on to be uneditable by Chris Taylor. 4/29/2024 0 Comments Genshin impact razor location![]() Strikes alongside Razor’s normal attacks, dealing Electro DMG.The Wolf Within will fight alongside Razor for the skill’s duration. This clears all of Razor’s Electro Sigils, which will be converted into Elemental Energy for him. Summons the Wolf Within, which deals Electro DMG to all nearby opponents. This Talent applies 2U of Electro, which is useful for shield-breaking and controlling certain reactions, namely extinguishing the Burning aura in Burgeon teams. It will also consume any Sigils he has in exchange for 5 Flat Energy per Sigil cleared. Razor’s Hold Skill will displace him backwards some distance unless his Burst is also active. He can hold up to three Sigils, with each Tap Skill refreshing their durations. On-hit, Razor’s Tap Skill will generate an Electro Sigil that lasts for 18s that grants him 20% ER while it is active. His Tap Skill tends to be the most versatile and gains a significant upgrade at C4, but his Hold Skill can be useful to deal short instances of consolidated AoE damage, break shields, or allow him to use his Burst when he is just short of Energy. Razor’s Skill allows him to be self-sufficient with his Energy needs. Gathers Electro energy to unleash a lightning storm over a small AoE, causing massive Electro DMG, and clears all of Razor’s Electro Sigils.Įach Electro Sigil cleared in this manner will be converted into Energy for Razor. Razor can have up to 3 Electro Sigils simultaneously, and gaining a new Electro Sigil refreshes their duration. Upon striking an opponent, Razor will gain an Electro Sigil, which increases his Energy Recharge rate. Swings the Thunder Wolf Claw, dealing Electro DMG to opponents in front of Razor. Hunts his prey using the techniques taught to him by his master and his lupical. ![]() This priority is also true for Razor’s Aggravate builds, as his reaction damage is not increased by Talent levels.įor Transformative Reaction-based builds, Razor’s Talents can be left unlevelled as they contribute negligible damage. The next priority is his Burst for its damage and Attack SPD Bonus, followed by his Skill. Razor’s Normal Attacks make up a substantial portion of his damage, especially in Physical builds. Raising Razor to Level 90 is recommended when he is used as an Aggravate or Transformative Reaction DPS to maximize his reaction damage. Character Overview Level and Talent Priority This build can experience numerous gameplay issues that makes it difficult to use in practice, such as Razor’s strict on-field requirement, Overloaded’s knockback, expensive team Energy costs, restrictive ability AoEs, or Bennett’s C6 base requirement to function. She can notably deal Ousia-aligned damage to weaken Pneum-aligned enemies.Ī niche but possibly potent build that utilizes Razor’s unique mechanics to deal numerous Transformative Reactions such as Electro-Charged, Hyperbloom, Burgeon and Overloaded. She can carry 4pc Viridescent Venerer and provide a team ATK buff, while her Burst deals off-field damage and taunts enemies. However, Razor much prefers sets that increase his reaction damage in such playstyles.Ī 4-star Anemo Sword character available after reaching AR25. While its 4pc effect is quite powerful, fulfilling its requirements is currently too impractical to recommend for most playstyles.īurgeon’s self-damage can maintain stacks on the 4pc effect. Its 2pc effect is serviceable for Razor’s mixed sets. Its passive can be an improvement over that of Prototype Archaic, but requires consistent healing to function.Ī new artifact set obtained in Fontaine. Serpent Spine is also a much stronger and more flexible alternative from the Battle Pass.Ī craftable weapon from Fontaine. While Razor can easily gain its buff due to his Burst mechanics, it generally does not surpass his other 4-star options if at all. She is a decent option in Aggravate, but her near non-existent off-field Dendro application limits her synergy in Bloom-based Reaction teams.Ī Battle Pass-exclusive weapon that provides different buffs when the wielder is affected by certain Elements. However, his off-field Dendro application is quite limited compared to other Dendro units.Ī 4-star Dendro Sword character who provides a strong shield. A 5-star Dendro Catalyst character who offers teamwide healing, small shields, and a buff for Dendro-reactions to on-field units. ![]() Remove the whole number 2 from the decimal to leave us with the decimal 0.695. Then, put the fractional inches next to the whole inches for the final result.įor example, let’s convert 2.695 inches to a fraction with 1/16″ precision. Then, round the result to get the numerator of the inch fraction.įinally, place the numerator over the level of precision, 16 in this case. Then, take the remaining portion of the decimal to the right of the decimal point and multiply it by the denominator of the level of precision you need (e.g., 1/16, 1/32, or 1/64).įor instance, to round to the nearest 1/16, take the decimal portion and multiply it by 16. To convert decimal inches to an inch fraction, you’ll need to round the decimal portion to the nearest dyadic fractional inch.įirst, separate the whole number from the decimal these are the whole inches. When you’re working with larger measurements, you can use our feet and inches calculator to add or subtract feet and inch fractions. Instead, some minor rounding will occur since it will be necessary to find the nearest fraction with the denominator that is a power of 2, also known as a dyadic fraction or dyadic rational number. These specific fractions of an inch are referred to as inch fractions.Īs a result, if we want to convert a decimal to one of these inch fractions, then know that converting a decimal to an inch fraction is not quite the same as converting a decimal to a regular fraction. That means the fraction denominators are most commonly 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. While fractions of an inch can be represented as any standard fraction, the most common fractions of an inch use denominators that are powers of 2, from half inches to up to the 64ths of an inch. When inches are expressed as a fraction, there are some special rules to follow, which are important to know to convert a decimal to inches correctly. Measurements in inches can be expressed as a decimal or a fraction. See the steps to convert these common decimal values to fraction form.Save on Pinterest Save Share on Facebook Share Share on Twitter Tweet How to Calculate Inch Fractions The table allows you to conveniently see the corresponding fraction for a decimal number.Ĭhart showing the conversion for common numbers from decimal to fraction Decimal Value See the fraction equivalents for some common decimal values below. And that’s all there is to it.Īn alternate method to convert a decimal to a fraction is to use a conversion chart such as this one. Then, convert the number to fraction form following the steps above.Īnd finally, add the negative sign in front of the fraction to convey that this is a negative number. Start by removing the minus sign from the beginning of the number. You can convert a negative decimal to a fraction too. ![]() The first step in transforming a repeating decimal is to create an algebraic equation to represent the decimal.ġ000x – 10x = 1178. Repeating decimal numbers require a slightly different process to convert to a fraction. These numbers can be expressed in a rounded form, such as 1.788, or with an over-bar above the repeating portion like this: 1.1 78. But some decimals are repeating decimals, which are numbers that continue infinitely after the decimal point, such as 1.1787878. So far we’ve been talking about terminating decimal numbers, since the numbers have a finite number of digits after the decimal. How to Convert a Repeating Decimal to a Fraction After converting to fraction form, add the negative sign back. You can also use a fraction to mixed fraction calculator for this step.įor negative numbers, remove the negative symbol from the starting decimal, then follow the steps above. For example, let’s simplify the improper fraction 5 / 4 to a mixed number. ![]() Germany: Merged SCS Werlte (Krone factory) Old Norwegian tolls replaced with e-Tolls and tollplazas removed Full road network rebuild around Dublin (M1, M11, N4, N7) Spain: Canfranc-Estación, Ciudad Real (rebuilt), Contreras, Huesca, Jaca, La Jonquera, Llívia, Pamplona (rebuilt), Soria (rebuilt), Teruel (rebuilt), València (rebuilt), Zaragoza (rebuilt) Norway: Alta, Bidjovagge, Karasjok, Kautokeino, Storslett, Tromsø France: Dax, Narbonne, Perpignan, Port-Vendres (returned) Map wide: Improvements on fuel stations Bulgaria: Dobrich, Razgrad, Shumen, Silistra Austria: Amstetten, Bischofshofen, Leoben, Saalfelden, Stockerau, Winklern Netherlands: Rotterdam and Europoort rebuilt Germany: Integration of new SCS cities Erfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Nürnberg, Stuttgart Norway: Ballangen, Bardufoss, Bodø, Fauske, Finnsness, Mo i Rana, Mosjøen, Narvik, Setermoen, Trofors Sweden: Reskin of Southern Sweden Värnamo and Nyköpingsbro fuel stations rebuilt Improvements in Estonia, France and Romania. Romania: Sebeș, Sibiu, Tulcea, added roads DN1 (Sebeș-Brașov), A1 (Hunedoara-Sibiu), A10 (Sebeș), DN22 (Constanța-Tulcea), DEx8 (Tulcea-Brăila Bridge) Estonia: Haapsalu, Kärdla, Rakvere, added T5 road Ireland: Wexford (rebuilt), added M9 motorway (M7-Carlow), N80 road (Carlow-Enniscorthy) Added ferry connection from Ancona to Zadar ![]() Italy: Integration of new SCS ferries in Ancona and Bari Adapted to the latest game patch 1.48.5.x new buildings, vegetation, roads, and more huge list with countries and cities added scale of the map is impressive, realistic and detailed The ProMods Map has been designed to improve the overall gameplay experience by providing players with new and interesting places to discover. ![]() Is a custom map expansion that adds new cities, roads, and areas to explore. The map contains just a huge number of buildings, vegetation, huge branches of roads and much more. The mega map is popular among truck drivers, the scale of the map is impressive, as realistic and detailed as possible. Its intent is to improve the base map of the game by expanding it and rebuilding older parts with high-quality textures. ProMods - is a map expansion mod for the game Euro Truck Simulator 2. ![]() Sites like Fiverr and Etsy are notorious for scammers trying to rip their customers off by stealing other people’s artwork not to mention the inconsistent pricing.Īt VTuberArt we’ve found a way to eliminate all of this hassle by working with a team of experienced artists and using our standardised commissioning form. When going with a freelancer site make sure that you understand the risks. The additional parts like tails, scales fur and wings can sometimes incur more costs.Īrtists that commission these avatars can be found on Twitter, Fiverr, Etsy and even Upwork. Understandably, furry models can be quite different to the normal avatar commission. Avatar commissions can cost anywhere between $200 – $700 depending on the artist that you go with and the complexity of your avatar. Talented artists who offer VRChat avatar commissions will work alongside their clients to create a furry avatar in line with their customer’s requirements. This is one of the best ways to get ahold of a custom VRChat furry avatar. But if you don’t mind bumping into a furry with the same avatar as you then by all means get shopping. A lot of the novelty of having a furry VRChat avatar is the fact that it is made in the likeness of your own fursona. The only downside to using these marketplaces is that you won’t get your own custom furry avatar. Sometimes artists don’t allow editing or the redistribution of their work. Just make sure to check the licensing that comes with your purchase. Most of these avatars will be listed for a reasonable price that doesn’t break the bank. Artists who are part of the furry fandom will create premade VRChat models that are fully functional and ready to go. ![]() Where can I find furry VRChat avatars? 3D Model MarketplacesĪrt marketplaces like Sketchfab and Artstation are great places to find furry avatars. VTubers also tend to share a similar relationship with VRChat as they too have an alternate identity that can be expressed within the game.īut, enough of the chit-chat. Meaning they can bring their fursona directly into the game.Ī fursona acts almost as a real-life avatar for many furries, so having the chance for it to be their online identity to walk around and socialise within the game is like a dream come true. Furries aren’t restricted by any specific parameters in VRChat with the exception of nudity. VRChat gives their players the freedom to design and modify their avatars in almost any way they want. It makes a lot of sense why VRChat massively appeals to furries. ![]() Takyi, Optimisation of thermo-fatigue reliability of solder joints in surface mount resistor assembly using Taguchi method. ![]() Otiaba, Prediction and optimisation of design parameters of microelectronic heat sinks. Lepistö, The effect of solder paste composition on the reliability of SnAgCu joints. Wong, Isotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs). Wong, in Materials for Advanced Packaging, ed. Zimmermann, Effect of voids on thermo-mechanical reliability of chip resistor solder joints: experiment, modelling and simulation. Toleno, Investigation of the lead-free solder joint shear performance. Toleno, Effects of reflow profile and thermal conditioning on intermetallic compound thickness for SnAgCu soldered joints. Park, Smarter temperature setup for reflow oven to minimise temperature variation among components. Park, Determination of smarter reflow-profile to achieve a uniform temperature throughout aboard, in 2021, 20th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm) (IEEE, 2021), pp. Frémont, Evaluation of SAC solder joint thermomechanical fatigue in different types of components, in 2022 23rd International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE) (IEEE, 2022), pp. Steen, Lead-free reflow soldering for electronics assembly. Krolczyk, Experimental and numerical assessment of temperature field and analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties of low power laser annealed welded joints. Stano, Microstructure and properties of hybrid laser arc welded joints (laser beam-MAG) in thermo-mechanical control processed S700MC steel. Sun, Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA6092/SiC metal matrix composite. Higgins, Effects of flux materials on the moisture sensitivity and reliability of flip-chip-on-board assemblies. Shur, Effect of surface finishes on ball shear strength in BGA joints with Sn-3.5 mass% Ag solder. Abdullah, Thermo-mechanical challenges of reflowed lead-free solder joints in surface mount components: a review. Gopalan, in Electronics Production Defects and Analysis (Springer, Singapore, 2022), eBook, page count 140.Ĭ.S. Lee, Optimising the reflow profile via defect mechanism analysis. Njoku A Study of the Thermomechanical Reliability of Solder Joints in Surface Mount Electronics Technology (Doctoral dissertation, University of Greenwich) (2016). Saladukha, Packaging technologies for electronic devices, High-Speed Digital System Design. Sakuma (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2020), pp. ![]() Graddage, Components and devices, in Flexible, Wearable, and Stretchable Electronics, ed. Miller, Low-temperature solder interconnection of surface mount devices with additively printed pads on flexible substrate, in The 20 th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm) (2021), pp. These results will be useful for electronic packaging and reliability engineers faced with challenges of improving device operational mechanical performance in the continuing trend of product miniaturisation. The solder joint shear strength decreased with a decrease in the size of the lead-free joint irrespective of the reflow profile implemented. Reflow profile number 3 constituting 1.2☌/s preheat, 45 s TAL, 245☌ peak temperature and 60% cooling rate is optimal because it yielded joints with the highest strength and ca. Three test vehicles of varying solder joint sizes are made from R1206, R0805 and R0603 resistors. The factors/parameters investigated are preheat gradient, time above liquidus (TAL), peak temperature and cooling rate. The Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) is employed to generate eight orthogonal array designs of L2 4 reflow profiles. This study proposes an optimal parameter combination of reflow profile factors which demonstrate potential for delivering maximum shear strength of solder joints. The miniaturisation trend in the development of electronic products has continued to challenge the shear strength of the solder joints in these devices and necessitates implementation of optimal reflow profiles to achieve maximum joint strength. The integrity of solder joints of components in an electronic device is critical to the device reliability. |
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